Gandhian Era — Set 3
Indian History · गांधी युग · Questions 21–30 of 170
Who was known as 'Frontier Gandhi'?
Correct Answer: D. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
• **Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan** = 'Frontier Gandhi' (Sarhadi Gandhi), Pashtun leader of NWFP. • Founded **Khudai Khidmatgar** ('Servants of God') in **1929** — followers called 'Red Shirts'. • Deeply committed to **Gandhian non-violence**; opposed partition; died 1988 in Pakistan. • 💡 Maulana Azad = Congress President/Education Minister; Jinnah = Muslim League; Liaquat = Pakistan's first PM.
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in which year?
Correct Answer: B. 1931
• **Gandhi-Irwin Pact** signed on **5 March 1931** between Gandhi and Viceroy **Lord Irwin**. • Congress agreed to attend **Second Round Table Conference** and suspend Civil Disobedience Movement. • British agreed to release political prisoners and allow making of salt on coastal areas. • 💡 **1933** = wrong; **1932** = Poona Pact year; **1930** = Dandi March year, pact not yet signed.
In which Round Table Conference did Mahatma Gandhi participate?
Correct Answer: B. Second
• Gandhi attended only the **Second Round Table Conference (1931, London)** as Congress's sole representative. • He went after **Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)**; conference failed on communal representation issue. • **B.R. Ambedkar** attended all three RTC (1930, 1931, 1932); Congress boycotted 1st and 3rd. • 💡 All of them = wrong; Third = Gandhi not present; First = Congress boycotted, Gandhi stayed in India.
Who announced the 'Communal Award' in 1932?
Correct Answer: A. Ramsay MacDonald
• **Communal Award (August 1932)** announced by British PM **Ramsay MacDonald** — separate electorate for Dalits. • Gandhi, imprisoned in **Yerwada Jail**, began **fast unto death** against separate Dalit electorate. • Led to **Poona Pact (1932)** with Ambedkar — replaced separate electorate with reserved seats. • 💡 Clement Attlee = PM during independence **1947**; Mountbatten = Viceroy, not PM; Churchill = opposed Indian independence.
The Poona Pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and:
Correct Answer: D. B.R. Ambedkar
• **Poona Pact (September 1932)** signed between Gandhi and **B.R. Ambedkar** at Yerwada Jail. • Dropped separate electorate for Dalits; gave **147 reserved seats** in general electorate instead. • Gandhi was represented by **Madan Mohan Malaviya**; pact ended Gandhi's fast unto death. • 💡 Bose = INA, not Poona Pact; Nehru = not involved in signing; Jinnah = Muslim League, separate Muslim electorate issue.
Which Act provided for the establishment of an All India Federation and Provincial Autonomy?
Correct Answer: C. Government of India Act 1935
• **Government of India Act 1935** = provided **All India Federation** and **Provincial Autonomy**. • Federation part **never implemented** (princes refused); Provincial Autonomy came into effect in 1937. • Nehru called it 'Charter of Slavery'; Congress won **1937 elections** under it and formed governments. • 💡 Rowlatt Act = **1919** emergency law; Independence Act **1947** = transfer of power; Act of **1919** = Montagu-Chelmsford reforms.
In the 1937 provincial elections, the Congress formed ministries in how many provinces initially?
Correct Answer: B. Eight
• In **1937 elections**, Congress formed ministries in **8 out of 11 provinces** under Act of 1935. • Absolute majority in **5 provinces**: UP, CP, Bihar, Orissa, Madras — also coalition in others. • Congress rule lasted **about 28 months** before ministries resigned in 1939 over WWII. • 💡 Three = too few; Five = only absolute majority states; Six = wrong count; Eight is the correct total.
Why did the Congress ministries resign in 1939?
Correct Answer: B. Protest against World War II participation
• Congress ministries resigned **October–November 1939** — Viceroy declared India part of **WWII without consent**. • Demanded India's independence before war support; Viceroy **Lord Linlithgow** made the declaration. • Muslim League celebrated their resignation as **'Day of Deliverance' (December 22, 1939)**. • 💡 Quit India = **1942**, not **1939**; Internal conflicts = not the stated reason; Dismissal by Viceroy = wrong, they resigned.
Who was selected as the first individual Satyagrahi by Gandhi in 1940?
Correct Answer: C. Vinoba Bhave
• **Vinoba Bhave** = first Individual Satyagrahi selected by Gandhi in **October 1940**. • **Jawaharlal Nehru** was the second; purpose was to protest the war effort through free speech. • Individual Satyagraha replaced mass movement to avoid repression during World War II. • 💡 Brahma Datt = wrong; Nehru = second, not first; Vallabhbhai Patel = not selected for this role.
The 'August Offer' of 1940 was made by which Viceroy?
Correct Answer: C. Lord Linlithgow
• **August Offer (1940)** = made by Viceroy **Lord Linlithgow** — offered Dominion Status after the war. • Also proposed expansion of **Viceroy's Executive Council** to include more Indians. • Both **Congress and Muslim League** rejected it — Congress wanted immediate self-governance. • 💡 Mountbatten = **1947** Viceroy; Wavell = **1943**–47 Viceroy; Irwin = **1926**–31 Viceroy, Gandhi-Irwin Pact era.