Gandhian Era — Set 8
Indian History · गांधी युग · Questions 71–80 of 170
Which movement was withdrawn after the Chauri Chaura incident?
Correct Answer: A. Non-Cooperation Movement
• **Non-Cooperation Movement** withdrawn by Gandhi after **Chauri Chaura (Feb 4, 1922)** turned violent. • Gandhi said India was 'not ready for non-violence'; imposed a unilateral stop on mass agitation. • Critics: **Nehru, C.R. Das** called it a 'national calamity'; the movement was at its peak then. • 💡 Civil Disobedience = suspended after Gandhi-Irwin Pact **1931**; Quit India = not withdrawn/suppressed by British; Khilafat = ended naturally when Turkey abolished Caliphate.
Who coined the slogan 'Simon Go Back'?
Correct Answer: A. Yusuf Meherally
• **Yusuf Meherally** coined the slogan **'Simon Go Back'** (1928) and also **'Quit India'** (1942). • Socialist leader and Mayor of Bombay; organised protests when Simon Commission arrived. • He coined 'Quit India' slogan which Gandhi adopted for the **1942** movement. • 💡 Lajpat Rai = led the Lahore protest, received lathi blows; Gandhi = used the slogan 'Quit India', didn't coin it; Nehru = not the coiner.
Which Round Table Conference was held without the participation of the Congress?
Correct Answer: C. First and Third
• Congress boycotted the **First (1930)** and **Third (1932)** Round Table Conferences — attended only the Second. • Joined Second (1931) after **Gandhi-Irwin Pact**; Gandhi went as sole Congress representative. • **B.R. Ambedkar** and other non-Congress parties attended all three conferences. • 💡 'Second only' = partially correct but misses Third boycott; 'First only' = wrong; 'All three' = wrong; correct = First and Third.
The 'Wardha Scheme' relates to:
Correct Answer: C. Basic Education
• **Wardha Scheme (1937)** = **Basic Education (Nai Talim)** — proposed by Gandhi for self-sustaining education. • Learning through **handicraft activity** (e.g., spinning, weaving); education to be self-financing. • Committee under **Dr. Zakir Hussain** formulated the detailed syllabus for the scheme. • 💡 Military Training = not Gandhi's focus; Rural Industry = different programme; Health Services = not Wardha Scheme subject.
Who was the British Prime Minister when India attained independence?
Correct Answer: C. Clement Attlee
• **Clement Attlee** (Labour PM) announced British intention to leave India by **June 1948** in February 1947. • This deadline was advanced to **August 15, 1947** by Mountbatten to avoid further unrest. • Attlee sent the **Cabinet Mission** in 1946 and appointed Mountbatten as last Viceroy in 1947. • 💡 Chamberlain = PM during WWII start **1939**; Churchill = wartime PM, opposed independence; Ramsay MacDonald = Communal Award **1932**.
Which leader was known as 'Deshpriya'?
Correct Answer: C. Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
• **Jatindra Mohan Sengupta** = known as **'Deshpriya'** (Beloved of the Country), Bengal leader. • Prominent lawyer, freedom fighter, and **Mayor of Calcutta**; closely associated with labour movement. • His wife **Nellie Sengupta** became Congress President in 1933 (2nd foreign woman after Annie Besant). • 💡 Bose = 'Netaji'; C.R. Das = 'Deshbandhu'; Rash Behari Bose = revolutionary who went to Japan.
The resolution for 'Purna Swaraj' was passed on the banks of which river?
Correct Answer: C. Ravi
• Purna Swaraj resolution passed on the banks of **River Ravi** at Lahore Congress Session (1929). • At midnight **December 31, 1929**, Nehru hoisted the tricolor on the Ravi river bank. • **January 26, 1930** declared as 'Independence Day'; this date later became Republic Day 1950. • 💡 Yamuna = Delhi river; Ganga = sacred but not at Lahore; Sutlej = Punjab river but not at Lahore Session site.
Who started the English weekly 'Young India'?
Correct Answer: D. Mahatma Gandhi
• **Gandhi** started and edited the English weekly **'Young India'** (1919–1932) to spread his ideology. • Also edited Gujarati weekly **'Navjivan'** simultaneously from Ahmedabad. • In South Africa, he published **'Indian Opinion'** (1903); after 1933 he edited 'Harijan'. • 💡 Aurobindo Ghosh = started 'Yugantar' (Bengali); Annie Besant = 'New India'; Tilak = 'Kesari' and 'Mahratta'.
Who was the first person to call Gandhi 'Father of the Nation'?
Correct Answer: A. Subhash Chandra Bose
• **Subhash Chandra Bose** first called Gandhi **'Father of the Nation'** in a radio address from Singapore, **1944**. • He sought Gandhi's blessings for the INA's march to liberate India. • Constitutionally, India has **no official 'Father of Nation'** but Gandhi is universally recognised as such. • 💡 Tagore = gave title 'Mahatma'; Sardar Patel = called 'Iron Man'; Nehru = 'Panditji'; Bose = first used 'Father of Nation'.
Which Congress session was the only one presided over by Mahatma Gandhi?
Correct Answer: D. Belgaum (1924)
• Gandhi presided over the **Belgaum Session (1924)** — the **only time** he was Congress President. • Session aimed to bring Swarajists (C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru) back into mainstream Congress. • Gandhi remained outside formal Congress presidency but guided it as the **undisputed moral authority**. • 💡 Lahore **1929** = Nehru presided; Calcutta **1928** = Motilal Nehru presided; Madras **1927** = M.A. Ansari presided.