UN, WHO, IMF & World Bank — Set 10
International Relations · UN, WHO, IMF और विश्व बैंक · Questions 91–100 of 160
Which Article of the UN Charter prohibits the use of force in international relations?
Correct Answer: A. Article 2(4)
Article 2(4) of the UN Charter prohibits member states from using or threatening force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state. This is one of the foundational principles of the UN Charter and international law. However, there are two exceptions: self-defense under Article 51 and Security Council-authorized force under Chapter VII. India invokes Article 2(4) in criticizing Pakistan's support for cross-border terrorism.
The right of self-defense under the UN Charter is recognized in which Article?
Correct Answer: C. Article 51
Article 51 of the UN Charter recognizes the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a UN member state, until the Security Council has taken measures to maintain peace. This article is the legal basis for India's 2016 surgical strikes and 2019 Balakot air strikes in response to Pakistan-based terrorist attacks. Article 51 has been widely interpreted to include anticipatory self-defense.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was established at which conference?
Correct Answer: B. Rio 1992
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was opened for signature at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and entered into force in December 1993. The CBD has three main objectives: conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. India is a megadiverse country and party to the CBD. The Nagoya Protocol (2010) under CBD regulates access and benefit sharing of genetic resources.
The UNFCCC COP (Conference of Parties) meets how frequently?
Correct Answer: C. Annually
The UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COP) meets annually to review implementation of the Climate Change Convention and negotiate further agreements. Each COP is named after the host city, e.g., COP21 was Paris 2015, COP26 was Glasgow 2021, COP28 was Dubai 2023. India has been an active participant in COP negotiations, often representing developing countries' positions on climate finance and technology transfer.
The IMF Article IV consultation is conducted with member countries to assess what?
Correct Answer: B. Macroeconomic and financial policies
IMF Article IV consultations are annual bilateral discussions between the IMF and each member country to assess macroeconomic and financial policies and provide advice. The name comes from Article IV of the IMF Articles of Agreement. The consultations result in staff reports assessing the country's economic outlook and policy recommendations. India participates in annual Article IV consultations with the IMF.
The Basel Convention deals with which environmental issue?
Correct Answer: C. Hazardous waste management
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal was adopted in 1989 and entered into force in 1992. It aims to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes, preventing their transfer from developed to developing countries. India is a party to the Basel Convention. The Convention has been strengthened through subsequent protocols and amendments.
The Montreal Protocol deals with protection of which environmental element?
Correct Answer: B. Ozone layer
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was adopted in 1987 and is considered one of the most successful environmental treaties. It has been universally ratified and has phased out nearly 99% of ozone-depleting substances. The ozone layer is showing signs of recovery as a result. India ratified the Montreal Protocol in 1992 and has successfully phased out ODS in various sectors.
The Ramsar Convention deals with conservation of which type of ecosystem?
Correct Answer: C. Wetlands
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance was signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971, and is the oldest intergovernmental environmental agreement. It focuses on conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. India has over 75 Ramsar Sites (wetlands of international importance). India's Chilika Lake in Odisha was the first designated Ramsar Site in India in 1981.
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is headquartered in which city?
Correct Answer: B. Abu Dhabi
IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency) is headquartered in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It was established in 2009 and has 168 member states. IRENA promotes widespread adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy. India is a founding member of IRENA and is among the world's top renewable energy producers. IRENA coordinates closely with initiatives like India's International Solar Alliance (ISA).
India co-founded the International Solar Alliance (ISA) with which country?
Correct Answer: C. France
India and France co-founded the International Solar Alliance (ISA) at the Paris Climate Conference (COP21) in November 2015. ISA was formally launched by Indian PM Narendra Modi and French President François Hollande. ISA aims to mobilize $1 trillion in investments for solar energy by 2030 and promote solar energy deployment in sunshine-rich tropical countries. ISA's headquarters are in Gurugram (Gurgaon), India.