UN, WHO, IMF & World Bank — Set 4
International Relations · UN, WHO, IMF और विश्व बैंक · Questions 31–40 of 160
How many principal organs does the United Nations have?
Correct Answer: C. 6
The United Nations has six principal organs: the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), Trusteeship Council (inactive since 1994), International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the Secretariat. All are established in the UN Charter. The Trusteeship Council suspended operations in 1994 when Palau, the last trust territory, gained independence. The Secretary-General heads the Secretariat.
Who is the current UN Secretary-General (as of 2024)?
Correct Answer: C. António Guterres
António Guterres of Portugal has been serving as UN Secretary-General since 1 January 2017. He was re-appointed for a second term beginning January 2022. Before becoming Secretary-General, Guterres served as UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2005–2015). He is the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations.
ECOSOC stands for which UN body?
Correct Answer: A. Economic and Social Council
ECOSOC stands for the Economic and Social Council, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. ECOSOC coordinates the economic, social, and related work of the UN and its specialized agencies and functional commissions. It has 54 members elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms. ECOSOC coordinates work across sustainable development, human rights, and humanitarian response.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is headquartered in which city?
Correct Answer: C. Geneva
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It was established in 1964 to promote the development-friendly integration of developing countries into the world economy. UNCTAD publishes the World Investment Report and Trade and Development Report annually. It advocates for developing countries' interests in international trade negotiations.
Which specialized agency of the UN deals with civil aviation standards?
Correct Answer: B. ICAO
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) is the UN specialized agency that sets standards and regulations for international civil aviation. ICAO is headquartered in Montreal, Canada, and was established in 1947. It develops standards and recommended practices (SARPs) for aviation safety, security, efficiency, and environmental protection. India is a member of the ICAO Council.
The World Bank's primary mission is focused on which goal?
Correct Answer: C. Poverty reduction and development
The World Bank's primary mission is to reduce poverty and support development, with the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The World Bank Group provides loans, grants, and technical assistance to developing countries. India has been one of the World Bank's largest borrowers historically. The World Bank is headquartered in Washington DC, USA.
Which World Bank institution provides loans to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries?
Correct Answer: B. IBRD
The IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) is the original World Bank institution that provides loans to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries at market-related interest rates. IBRD was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference. India has been a major IBRD borrower for infrastructure, agriculture, and social sector projects. IBRD's lending is complemented by IDA for the poorest countries.
The IFC (International Finance Corporation) provides financing to which sector?
Correct Answer: C. Private sector in developing countries
The IFC (International Finance Corporation) is a member of the World Bank Group that focuses exclusively on the private sector in developing countries. Established in 1956, the IFC provides investment and advisory services to build sustainable businesses. IFC invests in private sector companies in developing countries to create jobs and reduce poverty. It does not lend to governments.
What does MIGA stand for in the World Bank Group?
Correct Answer: A. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
MIGA stands for Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, established in 1988 as a member of the World Bank Group. MIGA promotes foreign direct investment into developing countries by providing political risk insurance and credit enhancement guarantees. It protects investors against risks such as expropriation, currency transfer restrictions, and breach of contract. MIGA has supported numerous projects in India.
Which UN conference established the principle of 'Common but Differentiated Responsibilities' in environmental matters?
Correct Answer: B. Rio Earth Summit 1992
The principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) was established at the Rio Earth Summit (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development) in 1992. This principle acknowledges that all states have shared responsibilities toward environmental protection but developed countries bear greater historical responsibility for environmental degradation. CBDR is a cornerstone of India's position in international climate negotiations. It was incorporated into the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) in 1992.