UN, WHO, IMF & World Bank — Set 9
International Relations · UN, WHO, IMF और विश्व बैंक · Questions 81–90 of 160
In which year did China join the World Trade Organization?
Correct Answer: C. 2001
China joined the WTO on 11 December 2001 after 15 years of negotiations. China's WTO accession was one of the most significant events in global trade, opening China's market further to foreign goods and investment. Since accession, China has become the world's largest exporter and a major driver of global trade growth. India has filed WTO dispute settlement cases against China on various trade practices.
The UNESCO World Heritage Site program lists sites based on which criteria?
Correct Answer: B. Outstanding Universal Value
UNESCO World Heritage Sites are inscribed on the World Heritage List based on criteria of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) — they represent irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration for humanity. Sites can be cultural, natural, or mixed. India has over 40 UNESCO World Heritage Sites including the Taj Mahal, Ajanta Caves, and Sundarbans. The World Heritage Convention was adopted in 1972.
The concept of 'R2P' (Responsibility to Protect) was endorsed at which UN World Summit?
Correct Answer: C. 2005
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle was endorsed at the 2005 UN World Summit, adopted unanimously in the Outcome Document. R2P holds that states have the responsibility to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, and the international community can intervene if a state fails this responsibility. India has expressed reservations about R2P being used to justify humanitarian intervention.
The UN Human Development Index (HDI) is published annually by which UN body?
Correct Answer: C. UNDP
The Human Development Index (HDI) is published annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in the Human Development Report. The HDI was first published in 1990 and was conceptualized by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq with support from Indian economist Amartya Sen. The HDI measures achievement in three basic dimensions: health (life expectancy), education (mean years of schooling), and standard of living (GNI per capita).
The World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting is held in which Swiss city?
Correct Answer: C. Davos
The World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting is held in Davos, Switzerland, every January. WEF is not a UN body but is an international non-governmental organization that engages political, business, cultural, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas. The WEF publishes influential reports including the Global Competitiveness Report. Indian Prime Ministers and business leaders regularly attend Davos.
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was initiated by which country?
Correct Answer: C. China
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was initiated by China and established in 2015, beginning operations in January 2016. AIIB is headquartered in Beijing and has over 100 approved members. It was seen as a China-led alternative to the World Bank and ADB. India is one of AIIB's founding members and has secured substantial loans from AIIB for infrastructure projects including transport and urban development.
The UN General Assembly adopts resolutions by what majority on 'important questions'?
Correct Answer: B. Two-thirds majority
The UN General Assembly adopts resolutions on 'important questions' by a two-thirds majority of members present and voting. Important questions include recommendations on international peace and security, election of Security Council and ECOSOC members, admission of new members, and budget matters. On other questions, decisions are made by a simple majority. Unlike Security Council resolutions, UNGA resolutions are not legally binding.
The United Nations Millennium Declaration (2000) set a deadline for achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by which year?
Correct Answer: B. 2015
The Millennium Declaration was adopted by world leaders at the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000, setting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with a target year of 2015. The eight MDGs covered poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, diseases, environmental sustainability, and global partnership. India made mixed progress on MDGs, achieving some while falling short on others. The SDGs replaced the MDGs after 2015.
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is located in which city?
Correct Answer: A. Geneva and New York
OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) has offices in both New York and Geneva. It was established in 1991 to strengthen the UN's response to complex emergencies and natural disasters. OCHA coordinates international humanitarian response to crises, advocates for assistance to vulnerable people, and promotes preparedness. India is a major donor to humanitarian operations coordinated by OCHA.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) judgment on the Kulbhushan Jadhav case was delivered in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2019
The International Court of Justice delivered its judgment in the Kulbhushan Jadhav case on 17 July 2019, largely in India's favor. The ICJ held that Pakistan had violated the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations by denying India consular access to Jadhav. The Court ordered Pakistan to provide effective review and reconsideration of Jadhav's conviction and death sentence. India had filed the case against Pakistan in the ICJ in May 2017.