UN, WHO, IMF & World Bank — Set 2
International Relations · UN, WHO, IMF और विश्व बैंक · Questions 11–20 of 160
In which year was the World Health Organization (WHO) established?
Correct Answer: C. 1948
The World Health Organization (WHO) was established on 7 April 1948, when its Constitution came into force. This date is now celebrated annually as World Health Day. WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations concerned with international public health. India is a founding member of the WHO and the organization's headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
Where is the headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO)?
Correct Answer: D. Geneva
The World Health Organization is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Geneva hosts numerous international organizations including the WHO, ILO, WTO, and ICRC. The WHO Director-General is elected by the World Health Assembly, the WHO's supreme decision-making body. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus of Ethiopia has been Director-General since 2017.
When did WHO declare COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)?
Correct Answer: A. January 2020
The WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020. This was the highest level of alarm under International Health Regulations. The WHO subsequently declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The PHEIC declaration was the sixth such declaration in WHO's history, following H1N1, polio, Ebola, Zika, and Ebola again.
The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 established which two major international financial institutions?
Correct Answer: B. IMF and World Bank
The Bretton Woods Conference held in July 1944 at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, which became part of the World Bank Group). These institutions were designed to stabilize the international monetary system after World War II. The conference also established the framework for the post-war international monetary order based on the US dollar tied to gold.
Where is the headquarters of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?
Correct Answer: C. Washington DC
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is headquartered in Washington DC, USA. The IMF was established in 1945 following the Bretton Woods Conference to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. The IMF's Managing Director is traditionally a European, while the World Bank President is traditionally an American. India is one of the largest IMF member economies.
What does SDR stand for in the context of the IMF?
Correct Answer: A. Special Drawing Rights
SDR stands for Special Drawing Rights, an international reserve asset created by the IMF in 1969 to supplement member countries' official reserves. The SDR is not a currency but represents a claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF members. The value of the SDR is based on a basket of five currencies: USD, Euro, Chinese Renminbi, Japanese Yen, and British Pound. China's Renminbi was added to the SDR basket in 2016.
Which is NOT a member institution of the World Bank Group?
Correct Answer: C. IMF
The IMF (International Monetary Fund) is NOT part of the World Bank Group; it is a separate institution. The World Bank Group consists of five institutions: IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), IDA (International Development Association), IFC (International Finance Corporation), MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency), and ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes). Both IMF and World Bank were created at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference but remain distinct organizations.
The IDA (International Development Association) provides loans and grants to which category of countries?
Correct Answer: C. Poorest developing countries
The International Development Association (IDA) is the arm of the World Bank that provides interest-free loans and grants to the world's poorest countries. IDA was established in 1960 to provide development financing on concessional terms. Countries eligible for IDA support have low per-capita incomes and limited creditworthiness. India was historically a major IDA recipient but graduated from IDA eligibility as its economy grew.
In which year was the World Trade Organization (WTO) established?
Correct Answer: D. 1995
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on 1 January 1995, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which had been in place since 1947. The WTO was created through the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations (1986–1994). The Marrakesh Agreement of April 1994 formally established the WTO. India is a founding member of the WTO and its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
What did the WTO replace in 1995?
Correct Answer: B. GATT
The WTO replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which had served as the main international trade agreement since 1947. GATT was originally intended as a temporary measure until the International Trade Organization (ITO) could be established, but ITO never came into being. The WTO has a more comprehensive mandate than GATT, covering goods, services (GATS), intellectual property (TRIPS), and dispute settlement. India participated actively in GATT negotiations.