UN, WHO, IMF & World Bank — Set 6
International Relations · UN, WHO, IMF और विश्व बैंक · Questions 51–60 of 160
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 1949
NATO was founded on 4 April 1949 with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington DC. The founding members were 12 countries including the USA, UK, France, Canada, and others. NATO was created as a collective defense alliance in response to the Soviet threat during the Cold War. NATO's collective defense clause (Article 5) states that an attack on one member is an attack on all.
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the UN headquartered in which city?
Correct Answer: B. Geneva
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It was established in 1950 as a specialized agency of the United Nations to coordinate global meteorological and hydrological activities. WMO facilitates international exchange of weather data and coordinates the Global Weather Watch. India's IMD (India Meteorological Department) coordinates with WMO on weather forecasting and climate monitoring.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was adopted by the UN General Assembly in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 1989
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 November 1989, which is celebrated as Universal Children's Day. The CRC is the most widely ratified human rights treaty in history, with 196 state parties. It establishes children's rights to survival, development, protection, and participation. India ratified the CRC in 1992.
The UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT) monitoring body is called what?
Correct Answer: B. Committee Against Torture
The Committee Against Torture (CAT) is the body of independent experts that monitors implementation of the Convention against Torture (UNCAT) by its State parties. The Convention was adopted in 1984 and entered into force in 1987. The Committee reviews state party reports and can investigate allegations of systematic torture. India signed the Convention in 1997 but has not yet ratified it.
Which UN body adopts the annual budget of the United Nations?
Correct Answer: C. General Assembly
The UN General Assembly adopts the organization's budget through its Fifth Committee (Administrative and Budgetary). The UN operates on a regular biennial budget and an additional peacekeeping operations budget. Member states' contributions are assessed based on their capacity to pay, considering GDP and per capita income. The USA is the largest contributor to the UN budget, assessed at about 22% of the regular budget.
The IMF's governance is based on a quota system. Which country has the largest quota and highest voting share?
Correct Answer: C. United States
The United States has the largest quota and highest voting share in the IMF, currently around 17% of total voting power. This effectively gives the USA a veto on major IMF decisions requiring an 85% supermajority. The quota system broadly reflects countries' relative sizes in the global economy. India's quota and voting share have increased over the years as its economic weight has grown.
The UN's peacekeeping operations are funded through which mechanism?
Correct Answer: C. Separate peacekeeping assessment
UN peacekeeping operations are funded through a separate peacekeeping budget assessment, distinct from the regular UN budget. Each member state is assessed a certain percentage of peacekeeping costs based on its GDP and development status. Permanent Security Council members pay higher percentages than regular members. India is one of the largest contributors of troops to UN peacekeeping missions.
What is the name of the UN's specialized agency dealing with maritime shipping?
Correct Answer: B. IMO
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the UN specialized agency responsible for regulating shipping to improve safety and security and prevent marine pollution. IMO is headquartered in London, UK, and was established in 1948. India is a member of the IMO and has served on its Council. The IMO has adopted regulations on ship emissions to combat climate change.
Which organ of the UN was suspended in 1994 after completing its work?
Correct Answer: C. Trusteeship Council
The Trusteeship Council was established to supervise Trust Territories placed under UN trusteeship and ensure their progress toward self-government or independence. After the last trust territory (Palau) gained independence in 1994, the Trusteeship Council suspended its operations. It remains one of the six principal organs of the UN Charter but meets only when required. The Council completed its historic mission of decolonization.
The Kyoto Protocol on climate change was adopted in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 1997
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, and entered into force on 16 February 2005. It was the first binding international treaty requiring developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The Protocol established differentiated commitments for Annex I (developed) countries while exempting developing countries including India and China. India ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002.