UN, WHO, IMF & World Bank — Set 8
International Relations · UN, WHO, IMF और विश्व बैंक · Questions 71–80 of 160
What does TRIPS stand for in the context of WTO?
Correct Answer: B. Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
TRIPS stands for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, which is an international agreement administered by the WTO. The TRIPS agreement sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property including patents, copyright, and trademarks. It was negotiated in the Uruguay Round and came into force in 1995. India has navigated TRIPS obligations carefully, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector to protect generic medicine production.
What does GATS stand for in the context of WTO?
Correct Answer: A. General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATS stands for the General Agreement on Trade in Services, one of the key WTO agreements governing international trade in services. GATS came into force with the WTO in 1995 and covers all service sectors from banking and telecommunications to education and tourism. India has benefited significantly from GATS commitments in Mode 4 (movement of natural persons) for IT and professional services exports. GATS commitments are made through national schedules.
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is monitored by which organization?
Correct Answer: B. CTBTO
The CTBTO (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization) is the intergovernmental organization working toward universal adherence to the CTBT and building the verification regime for the Treaty. CTBTO is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. The CTBT was adopted in 1996 but has not entered into force as 8 Annex 2 states including India, Pakistan, and USA have not ratified it. India did not sign the CTBT, citing discriminatory nature of the treaty.
The UN Security Council Resolution 1267 is associated with which topic?
Correct Answer: B. Al-Qaeda and Taliban sanctions
UN Security Council Resolution 1267 (1999) established a sanctions regime targeting Al-Qaeda and Taliban. It required all UN member states to freeze assets, prevent travel, and embargo arms to listed individuals and entities. The resolution created the 1267 Committee to oversee the sanctions list. Designating Pakistani terrorist Masood Azhar under this regime was a major diplomatic effort by India.
Masood Azhar, chief of Jaish-e-Mohammed, was designated as a global terrorist by the UN Security Council 1267 Committee in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2019
Masood Azhar, the founder of Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed, was designated as a global terrorist by the UN Security Council 1267 Sanctions Committee on 1 May 2019. China had previously used its veto four times to block this designation. After the Pulwama attack (February 2019), international pressure increased and China eventually lifted its hold. The designation froze Azhar's assets and imposed a travel ban.
The UN Security Council Resolution 47 (1948) relates to which issue?
Correct Answer: B. Kashmir dispute
UN Security Council Resolution 47, adopted on 21 April 1948, relates to the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan. It called for a plebiscite to determine Kashmir's future, which Pakistan demanded. India maintains that the plebiscite conditions (withdrawal of Pakistani forces) were never met and that Kashmir's accession to India was final and irrevocable. The Kashmir issue has been discussed multiple times in the UNSC.
The UN Commission on India and Pakistan (UNCIP) was established in relation to which conflict?
Correct Answer: C. First India-Pakistan War 1947-48
The UN Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) was established by the UN Security Council in January 1948 in response to India's complaint about Pakistani aggression in Kashmir. UNCIP was mandated to mediate the conflict and arrange for a plebiscite. UNCIP brokered a ceasefire in 1949 that established the Ceasefire Line (later renamed Line of Control after 1972 Simla Agreement). India consistently maintains that the UN resolutions on Kashmir are outdated.
The UN Security Council Resolution 1172 (1998) called for which action by India and Pakistan?
Correct Answer: C. Roll back nuclear tests, sign NPT and CTBT
UN Security Council Resolution 1172, adopted on 6 June 1998 after nuclear tests by India (Pokhran-II) and Pakistan, called on both countries to refrain from further nuclear tests, sign the CTBT and NPT, and halt their missile development programs. India rejected the resolution as discriminatory and incompatible with its security interests. India argued for universal nuclear disarmament rather than discriminatory non-proliferation.
The WHO's International Health Regulations (IHR) framework was strengthened in which year after SARS?
Correct Answer: C. 2005
The WHO's International Health Regulations were significantly revised and adopted in 2005 (entering into force in 2007) following the SARS outbreak of 2002–03. The revised IHR (2005) established a framework for countries to notify WHO of events that could constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The IHR framework was central to global COVID-19 response. India amended its national laws to comply with IHR obligations.
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is headquartered in which city?
Correct Answer: C. The Hague
The OPCW (Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons) is headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands. It was established in 1997 under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) to implement the convention and serve as a forum for consultation and cooperation among states parties. OPCW was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013. India is a member of OPCW and declared and destroyed its chemical weapons stockpile in 2009.