UN, WHO, IMF & World Bank — Set 5
International Relations · UN, WHO, IMF और विश्व बैंक · Questions 41–50 of 160
The UN Human Rights Council is based in which city?
Correct Answer: D. Geneva
The UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is based in Geneva, Switzerland. It was established in 2006, replacing the former Commission on Human Rights. The Council consists of 47 member states elected by the General Assembly. It addresses situations of human rights violations and makes recommendations. India has been elected to the UNHRC multiple times.
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a process under which UN body?
Correct Answer: C. Human Rights Council
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique process under the Human Rights Council that involves a periodic review of the human rights records of all 193 UN member states. Each state is reviewed approximately every 4.5 years. The UPR was established in 2006 when the Human Rights Council was created. India has participated in several rounds of the UPR process.
Which specialized UN agency promotes science and technology for development?
Correct Answer: B. UNIDO
UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) promotes industrial development for poverty reduction, inclusive globalization, and environmental sustainability. UNIDO is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It provides technical assistance and industrial policy advice to developing countries. India and UNIDO cooperate on programs related to clean technology, agro-processing, and energy efficiency.
What is the full name of the IMF program that provides emergency balance of payments support?
Correct Answer: B. Stand-By Arrangement
The Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) is the IMF's most widely used lending instrument, providing balance of payments support to member countries facing short-term problems. The SBA was first used in 1952. India used an IMF Stand-By Arrangement during the 1991 balance of payments crisis, which led to significant economic reforms. The IMF has other facilities including the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and Rapid Credit Facility (RCF).
In which year did India approach the IMF during its major balance of payments crisis?
Correct Answer: C. 1991
India faced a severe balance of payments crisis in 1991, when foreign exchange reserves fell to just two weeks' worth of imports. India had to pledge 67 tonnes of gold to the Bank of England to secure an emergency IMF loan. This crisis led to the landmark economic liberalization reforms under Finance Minister Manmohan Singh and PM Narasimha Rao. The 1991 reforms opened India's economy to foreign investment and dismantled the License Raj.
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) replaced which earlier framework?
Correct Answer: B. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in September 2015 through the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, replaced the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which ran from 2000 to 2015. The SDGs are broader and more ambitious, covering 169 targets across economic, social, and environmental dimensions. All UN member states adopted the SDGs unanimously. India has integrated the SDGs into its national development planning.
How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the UN in 2015?
Correct Answer: D. 17
The United Nations adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on 25 September 2015. The SDGs address global challenges including poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice. SDG 1 is 'No Poverty' and SDG 17 is 'Partnerships for the Goals'. India chairs the SDG High-Level Political Forum discussions as a major developing economy.
The Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted under which UN framework?
Correct Answer: B. UNFCCC
The Paris Agreement was adopted on 12 December 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at COP21 in Paris. The agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016 after ratification by 55 parties representing 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels. India ratified the Paris Agreement on 2 October 2016.
The UN General Assembly adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (2030 Agenda) in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2015
The UN General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the 17 SDGs, in September 2015 at a special summit in New York. The agenda succeeded the Millennium Development Goals (2000–2015) and set targets to be achieved by 2030. India's Voluntary National Review (VNR) has been presented multiple times at the HLPF. India has shown significant progress on several SDGs including poverty reduction and clean energy.
INTERPOL (International Criminal Police Organization) headquarters is located in which city?
Correct Answer: C. Lyon
INTERPOL is headquartered in Lyon, France. It was established in 1923 and is the world's largest international police organization with 195 member countries. INTERPOL facilitates worldwide police cooperation and supports law enforcement agencies fighting international crime. India is an active member of INTERPOL and has used its Red Corner Notices to seek extradition of fugitive economic offenders.